IP Virtual Server - IPVS

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IPVS (IP Virtual Server) is a Linux kernel module that provides network load-balancing capabilities. In Kubernetes, IPVS is used as an alternative to kube-proxy and IPTables for implementing Services.

When a Service is created in Kubernetes and the Service type is set to “LoadBalancer”, IPVS is used to create a virtual IP address (VIP) for the Service. The VIP is used as the target address for client traffic and is associated with a set of pods that provide the actual service.

IPVS works by intercepting incoming traffic to the VIP and distributing it among the available pods using a load-balancing algorithm. There are several load-balancing algorithms available in IPVS, including round-robin, least-connection, and weighted least-connection.

IPVS also provides health checks to ensure that traffic is only sent to healthy pods. When a pod fails a health check, IPVS removes it from the list of available pods and redistributes traffic among the remaining healthy pods.

IPVS has several advantages over kube-proxy and IPTables, including better scalability and performance, and more flexible load-balancing algorithms. IPVS can handle large numbers of connections and is optimized for high throughput and low latency. It also supports more advanced load-balancing features, such as session persistence and connection draining.

However, IPVS requires additional configuration and setup compared to kube-proxy and IPTables, and may not be compatible with all network environments. IPVS also requires kernel support and may not be available on all Linux distributions.